The common cold is a viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. Its symptoms can vary in severity and typically develop gradually over a few days. Here are the most common symptoms:
- Nasal Symptoms
Runny Nose (Rhinorrhea): Clear, watery discharge that may thicken over time.
Nasal Congestion: Feeling of a stuffy nose due to inflammation of nasal passages.
Sneezing: Frequent sneezing caused by irritation of the nasal mucosa.
- Throat Symptoms
Sore Throat: Mild irritation or scratchiness in the throat.
Post-Nasal Drip: Mucus dripping down the back of the throat, causing irritation.
- Cough
Dry or Productive Cough: Coughing may start as dry and progress to a productive cough with mucus.
- General Symptoms
Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak due to the body's immune response.
Mild Fever: Low-grade fever (rare in adults but more common in children).
Body Aches: Generalized aches or discomfort in muscles and joints.
- Head Symptoms
Headache: Mild pressure or pain, often due to sinus congestion.
Watery Eyes: Increased tear production due to irritation.
- Appetite and Sleep Disturbances
Reduced Appetite: Feeling less hungry due to overall discomfort.
Difficulty Sleeping: Nasal congestion or coughing can disrupt sleep.
Duration of Symptoms
Symptoms typically last 7–10 days, though some, like a lingering cough or mild congestion, may persist longer.
When to See a Doctor
High Fever: Persistent fever above 101.3°F (38.5°C).
Severe Symptoms: Intense sore throat, difficulty breathing, or chest pain.
Worsening Symptoms: Symptoms that get worse after initial improvement.
Prolonged Duration: Symptoms lasting more than 10–14 days.
The common cold is usually self-limiting and can be managed with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter remedies. However, persistent or severe symptoms may indicate a more serious condition, such as the flu or a bacterial infection.