Thyroid disorders can manifest in various ways, depending on whether the thyroid gland is overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism). Here are the major signs and symptoms associated with each condition:
Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
Fatigue: Feeling excessively tired despite adequate sleep.
Weight Gain: Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight.
Cold Sensitivity: Feeling unusually cold or having cold extremities.
Dry Skin: Skin that is rough, dry, or flaky.
Hair Thinning or Hair Loss: Especially noticeable on the scalp or eyebrows.
Constipation: Difficulty with bowel movements.
Depression or Low Mood: Persistent sadness or lack of energy.
Memory Issues: Difficulty concentrating or "brain fog."
Hoarseness: A raspy or hoarse voice.
Swelling in the Neck: An enlarged thyroid gland (goiter).
Slow Heart Rate: Bradycardia or a lower-than-normal pulse.
Muscle Weakness: Often in the legs or arms.
Puffy Face: Especially noticeable in the morning.
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)
Weight Loss: Unexplained, despite increased appetite.
Heat Sensitivity: Feeling overly warm or sweating excessively.
Rapid Heartbeat: Palpitations or a feeling of a racing heart (tachycardia).
Nervousness or Anxiety: Feeling restless or irritable.
Tremors: Shakiness, especially in the hands.
Increased Appetite: Eating more without corresponding weight gain.
Frequent Bowel Movements: Or even diarrhea.
Insomnia: Trouble falling or staying asleep.
Fatigue: Despite seeming energetic at times.
Bulging Eyes: A sign of Graves' disease (exophthalmos).
Swelling in the Neck: Goiter or an enlarged thyroid gland.
Menstrual Irregularities: Light or missed periods in women.
Hair Thinning: Fine, brittle hair.
Other General Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
Goiter: A visible swelling or enlargement in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid.
Mood Changes: Depression (hypothyroidism) or anxiety/irritability (hyperthyroidism).
Difficulty Swallowing or Breathing: If the thyroid is significantly enlarged.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to consult a healthcare provider. Blood tests, including TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), T3, and T4 levels, are used to diagnose thyroid disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms effectively.