The common cold is a mild viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, primarily caused by rhinoviruses. Its symptoms generally appear gradually and may vary in severity. Below are the common signs and symptoms:
Major Symptoms
Nasal Congestion
A stuffy or blocked nose due to inflamed nasal passages.
Runny Nose (Rhinorrhea)
Clear or colored nasal discharge.
Sneezing
Frequent sneezing, often early in the infection.
Sore Throat
Irritation or scratchiness in the throat, often the first symptom.
Cough
Mild to moderate, sometimes with mucus production.
Mild Headache
Caused by congestion or sinus pressure.
Body Aches or Muscle Pain
Generalized mild discomfort in muscles or joints.
Low-Grade Fever
Occurs occasionally, especially in children.
Fatigue or Mild Weakness
Feeling tired or sluggish.
Watery or Irritated Eyes
Sometimes accompanied by mild redness or itching.
Other Possible Symptoms
Loss of Smell or Taste
Temporary and usually mild.
Postnasal Drip
Mucus dripping down the back of the throat, causing irritation.
Ear Discomfort
Due to nasal congestion affecting the Eustachian tubes.
Hoarseness
Changes in voice caused by throat irritation or mucus.
Duration and Progression
Onset: Symptoms typically develop 1–3 days after exposure to the virus.
Duration: Most symptoms peak within 2–3 days and resolve within 7–10 days.
Extended Symptoms: A cough or nasal congestion may linger for up to 2 weeks.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While the common cold is usually self-limiting, consult a healthcare provider if:
Symptoms last more than 10 days or worsen.
There is high fever (above 101.3°F or 38.5°C).
Severe sinus pain or swelling develops.
Symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, or wheezing.
Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter remedies (e.g., decongestants, pain relievers) can help alleviate symptoms.