The flu, short for influenza, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It primarily affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. The flu can range in severity from mild to severe and may lead to complications like pneumonia, especially in high-risk groups such as young children, elderly adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Why Does the Flu Happen?
- Cause: Influenza Virus
The flu is caused by influenza viruses of types A, B, C, and D.
Types A and B are the most common culprits behind seasonal flu outbreaks.
Influenza viruses spread through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
- Transmission
The virus spreads via direct contact (e.g., handshakes or touching contaminated surfaces).
You can become infected by touching your face (nose, mouth, or eyes) after coming into contact with the virus.
- Seasonal Factors
The flu is more common in the fall and winter months due to cooler temperatures and increased indoor activities, which promote close contact and reduced ventilation.
- Weak Immune System
People with a compromised or weakened immune system are more susceptible to catching the flu.
Chronic illnesses, poor nutrition, lack of sleep, or high stress levels can weaken immunity.
- Mutation of Influenza Viruses
Influenza viruses frequently mutate, creating new strains.
These mutations reduce the effectiveness of prior immunity or vaccines, making people more vulnerable.
- Risk Factors
Close contact with infected individuals.
High-risk groups include:
Young children
Elderly individuals
Pregnant women
People with chronic health conditions like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease
Summary
The flu is caused by influenza viruses that spread through respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces. It is particularly prevalent in colder seasons and affects those with weakened immunity or high exposure risk. Taking precautions like vaccination, good hygiene, and boosting immunity can reduce the likelihood of infection.