Common Signs and Symptoms of Flu
The flu, or influenza, can cause a range of symptoms that typically appear suddenly and may vary in severity. These symptoms are primarily caused by the body's immune response to the infection.
- General Symptoms
Fever: A high body temperature, usually over 100.4°F (38°C), though not everyone with the flu will have a fever.
Chills: Feeling cold or shivering, often accompanying a fever.
- Respiratory Symptoms
Cough: A persistent, dry, or productive cough.
Sore Throat: Often caused by irritation or swelling in the throat.
Runny or Stuffy Nose: Nasal congestion is common but may not always occur.
- Muscle and Body Symptoms
Muscle Aches: Pain or soreness, especially in the back, arms, and legs.
Fatigue: A feeling of extreme tiredness or lack of energy.
Headache: A frequent symptom due to inflammation and immune response.
- Gastrointestinal Symptoms (less common, but possible):
Nausea and Vomiting: More common in children than adults.
Diarrhea: Rare but can occur in some cases of the flu.
- Severe or Complicated Symptoms (in some cases):
Difficulty Breathing or Shortness of Breath: A sign of complications like pneumonia.
Chest Pain or Pressure: May indicate severe respiratory involvement.
Dizziness or Confusion: A symptom to watch out for in elderly individuals.
Persistent Fever: A prolonged fever may suggest complications.
Symptoms in High-Risk Groups
Children: Symptoms may include irritability, lack of appetite, or difficulty drinking fluids.
Elderly Individuals: May show confusion, extreme weakness, or worsening of preexisting conditions.
Duration of Symptoms
Most flu symptoms last 3-7 days, but cough and fatigue can persist for up to two weeks.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek immediate care if you or someone else experiences:
Difficulty breathing or chest pain.
Bluish lips or face.
Severe or persistent vomiting.
Sudden dizziness or confusion.
High fever that doesn't respond to medications.
Recognizing flu symptoms early can help in managing the condition and preventing complications.